In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological and safety needs are categorized as what?

• A. Growth needs
• B. Esteem needs
• C. Deficiency needs (also called basic needs)
• D. Self-actualization needs

Answer: (C)

In Maslow’s framework, needs are grouped into deficiency needs (also called basic needs) and growth needs. Physiological needs (food, water, warmth) and safety needs (security, shelter) are deficiency needs because they arise from a lack of basic survival resources and drive behavior to satisfy that deficit. Once these fundamental needs are met, motivation shifts toward growth needs like belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. So the correct label is deficiency needs, also known as basic needs.